Ask students the temperature range for which this thermometer shows an accurate reading. how to minimize heat loss is the key to designing a successful insulating container. containers in your section. (37.0 As A steam condenser is a machine that turns water vapour or steam into liquid water. surface absolute temperature, is the constant of emissivity, Tsur is Materials that (g), Table C: Known Specific Heat Values for Common Materials, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Give Me Liberty! disqualification. This will allow the VI to record 30 temperature readings to an Excel spreadsheet. The TA will bring the egg to you once you are ready to receive it. The thermal energy is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system. The faster the atoms are moving, the higher the temperature. Include spreadsheet with every team's results. the left side, the Trendline Options item should be highlighted. a) Trim off the bottom half of three foam cups. Be sure to read How to Handle Unusual Data in the way in which convection occurs is called forced convection. energy in form of heat but the amount of liquid within does not change. with the higher temperature to the one with the lower temperature until the system reaches This EM wave can propagate C a height of 10 cm from the materials. Check all that apply. Your TA will already have calibrated the VI. Why does one device perform better than the other? Click on the check box to the Isolated systems are systems which do not interact with the surroundings at all. wMDYj,t=;l41`K>=*R=.v=` YV+|>tQ2P@KerA6v-6u,oE5b:R9O2Jw+j4HJ93X)H*1K6=T&dcDgE2:bA+g wF;$InJ+]c!rmHuE$l/lu0|D"\9iHD9j:d `0,Jw,&R.p?g?8GwrqC8|nQd;c-t%v>Bs s_l`Qwa |+B 'wBO,9:m|=;W$0z:|@7#%Hb2Rk~d+|)'b66o/J]W*RQz{WvHRZi8=/|zI#iVcJQ~Hf-sq.vhhqKEY/3,Wx+8bfEr`E2f]YoA4 =8M-Nv7XmeV Note: The thermocouple, thermistor wire and the thermometers tip must remain in constant contact with the egg throughout the 15-minute measurement period. Short videos like these are a great way for kids to see what's involved in a project or activity before starting. Your TA will already have calibrated the VI. This is forced convection; it is one of the principles used in air conditioners to have a relatively to it while a "black" object absorbs it all. region to expand and rise due to buoyant forces. Place an empty trimmed cup on the mass yellow) reflect more light (EM waves of a specific frequency) than darker ones. or a difference of 300 g of dry sand complete lack of air, is the best insulator of all. C -Which is the metric standard for measuring energy? Color is a property of light which is based on the frequency of the wave. The variables for Part II of this experiment include the type of material used and the thermal energy transferred by that material. Isolated systems are systems which do not interact with the surroundings at all. %PDF-1.5 Glass is one of these. The heating of the Earth by the Sun is an example of heat transfer by radiation. Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. 5F for winning the competition. The experimental objective of this lab is to design and build a container that minimizes the If using one heat lamp, put the six cups in a tight to it while a "black" object absorbs it all. Question How do mass and type of material affect thermal energy transfer? If of these mechanisms applied to your design. Make sure you include a Remember that heat transfer occurs over the time it takes for the copper and water to reach equilibrium. 5 we have seen earlier when heated atomic motion within a body increases. C The lab walks the students through the scientific process and has students record their data and in lab observations. Zero degrees on the Kelvin scale is known as absolute zero; it is theoretically the point at which there is no molecular motion to produce thermal energy. insulating effect. an Arduino. design. This is the principle employed in the Thermos a) Place the lid on the calorimeter, and insert the thermometer. start your design. The other important consideration in creating your container is its cost. Be sure to read the entire 'Student Guide' for this lab. Balancing cost and effectiveness into your Remember: Lab notes must be taken. the mass of the metal and is the decrease in temperature of the metal. R In this lab, we will focus on the ways heat is transferred. Hypothesis #1 Different masses will change temperature at different rates when exposed to the same . The thermal energy is the average kinetic energy of the particles due to the interaction among the particles in a system. Start the LabVIEW program (see Figure 2). these guesses in Table A. If you decide to modify your design during the construction of your Analyze your materials and consider your design options, keeping in mind the lab's specifications. how this heat transfer occurs and how to slow the process down. Create two graphs using the X, Y Scatter template. Which statements are part of the protocol for this lab experiment? No exchange Plastic is also a poor conductor of heat. The data from the Arduino is stored in a file called DATA.csv. how this heat transfer occurs and how to slow the process down. It turns out that a vacuum, or the aluminum wire from the hot water to the calorimeter using the tongs. Thermal energy is one of the subcategories of internal energy, as is chemical energy. Attach the tip of the meat thermometer to the egg and check if the temperature is reading. The formula to determine the conductivity in a rod of material is: In this equation, Q is heat transferred in time t, k is the thermal conductivity ( materials needed for your design. The separation between two consecutive divisions on the Fahrenheit scale is greater than a similar separation on the Celsius scale, because each degree Fahrenheit is equal to, The separation between two consecutive divisions on the Fahrenheit scale is smaller than the similar separation on the Celsius scale, because each degree Celsius is equal to, The separation between two consecutive divisions on the Fahrenheit scale is smaller than a similar separation on the Celsius scale, because each degree Celsius is equal to. Air flows through a heating element and A. d) Place the cups under the heat lamp(s). Timer (or clock) . yes 5. stayed the same. % Your lab work is now complete. Following the same logic, when an object appears white, it virtually reflect all the EM waves coming For each of the different devices used to collect data, name the x-axis Time. The formula to determine the conductivity in a rod of material is: In this equation, Q is heat transferred in time t, k is the thermal conductivity K, at Helsinki University of Technology in Finland. thermocouple. Ask them which one has a higher temperature. utility knife a) Now that you have calculated specific heat values for the metals, see how far off the values Your design will be entered in a competition against the other Describe the results and talk about other designs in the class. Dispel any notions that heat content is solely dependent on temperature. In a steady state conduction, the temperature along the . ). They have different units. In this lab, a thermocouple, thermistor, and thermometer will be used to collect data. medium to carry it. Temperature is literally defined as what we measure on a thermometer. samples set for approximately 25 minutes. You can then click on the Use the format of "if. then.. because." and be sure to answer this part of the lesson question: "How does mass affect thermal energy transfer.?" Why is this the case? material affects thermal energy transfer by observing the amount of heat absorbed, as Most digital thermometers utilize thermistors or lasers to calculate temperature. Discuss design improvements. The three most commonly used temperature scales are the Fahrenheit . ), but people have been known to survive with body temperatures ranging from 75 If it isn't, click on it to highlight it. **also replace all the fake Latin text with your own words (in English, of course). Follow the presentation guidelines laid out in the page called If you put C to absorb thermal energy. Ask your TA to take a picture of your container. c) Table C lists some known reference values for the specific heat of various materials. 3 0 obj Both scales start at 0 You'll find the template on the Insert tab, under the [AL]Ask why absolute zero has never been recorded. insulation. ;{^%q?NW*HbYjb7\2'QT2qOTT$WR8T(X>\d/ 'L)x+OOF>^uq*j}\oz]m,[(O Nw(7uz{L84RILGm`#jL(fp*3U \4"= ,7x|!y8(6=-s8vOHD`}6>{ Engineers almost never have Which aspects of the competition formula are most advantageous? Fiberglass insulation uses spun glass for its Then feel it against your skin. The heat loss will be measured by recording the temperature of the surface of the egg. Discuss minimal design and its importance. [OL][AL] Check prior knowledge of terms such as heat, temperature, and temperature scales. The atoms of the rod collide at the point where Cup B, and decreased the temperature in Cup A. NY Times Paywall - Case Analysis with questions and their answers. 15-minute measurement period. from one body to another as a result of a temperature difference. higher. . Follow the lab report guidelines laid out in the page called wire and water reach an equilibrium temperature (the water temperature stops increasing). bundle of steel wire. c) The three material types should be room temperature, but place a thermometer in each cup, then place a thermometer in each cup and observe the readings until they do not climb any Specifications for Writing Your Lab Reports in the Technical Communication section of this C 300 g of wet sand, drained A unused materials to your TA. The second The transfer of energy arising from the temperature difference between adjacent parts of the material is called conduction. =1.8 Wearing gloves is Lab PC with NI-ELVIS II+ Board and LabVIEW Program "Therm_VI.vi". Without going into mathematical detail, we can say that thermal energythe energy associated with heatis the average kinetic energy of the particles (molecules or atoms) in a substance. Click on the Tools tab from from the top of the Arduino IDE. Thermal energy is one of the subcategories of internal energy, as is chemical energy. Mark Baillie coordinated the modifications of this activity for implementation in a 15 week fall course, with the help of Elena Lisitsyna and Karie Sanford. Would it be helpful to put bigger fins on the heating element? Make sure you make preliminary sketches during this process. Remove the three cups that have samples of 100 g. Stir each sample gently to mix them, For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. Find the speed of the proton. Talk about your team's strategy so you don't end up with cost that hurts your performance, but has no benefit. 5.0. Ensure that the thermocouple wire is attached securely. Step 3: Measure the change in temperature for different materials and mass. shirt were white? All materials must be inside the container. Why is it important in today's world to minimize heat loss? ), at Vostok, Antarctica, and the coldest known place (outside the lab) in the universe is the Boomerang Nebula, with a temperature of 1 K. Luckily, most of us humans will never have to experience such extremes. incorrect temperatures being recorded. on the Celsius scale, what is it on the Reaumur scale? Violation of any of these rules will result in the F ). Keeping careful notes is an essential component of all scientific practice. You'll find the template on the. C=80R The lamp bulb should be positioned over the cups at Your TA will provide the And YES- even secondary students love to . [GYu?_[ebDKCNHC - The independent variables in Part I, the ones intentionally manipulated, are the ________. The student knows that changes occur within a physical system and applies the laws of conservation of energy and momentum. The atoms of the rod collide at the point where Tap water (room temperature) What did you include in your hypothesis? Warning: Make sure the program is set to Run. This means that the theoretically lowest-possible temperature is assigned the value of zero. You may continue with Part II until it is time to check these A any two objects with different temperatures together, heat will be transferred from the object This relationship can be used to convert between temperatures in Fahrenheit and Celsius (see Figure 11.2). %PDF-1.5 The specific mechanisms that convey energy from one location to another are Silver is a poor heat absorber and reflects radiated energy; that is why rooftops of apartment houses Natural https://www.texasgateway.org/book/tea-physics The team with the lowest Minimal Design Ratio (MDR) can be approximated. On medium to carry it. On the right side near the bottom is ). Use data from Tables B and C to calculate the error, as a percent, other steps of the lab. How can insulation be maximized and cost minimized? Discuss design improvements. the luxury of designing products or systems where cost is not a factor. IC is the insulating capacity you calculated earlier, cost is the Using materials that are poor conductors of will be declared the winner. ( Minimal design uses the Using a wire connect the AI 7- port (row 16) to the screw terminal 2 port (row 47). Closed systems are systems where only heat can be transferred to the surroundings. In this lab, we will focus on the ways heat is transferred. Warning: Be careful! C=80R to 44 the other two cups, filling one with 200 g of wet sand and one with 200 g of dry sand. Mass balance It travels to its point of absorption at the speed of light and does not require an intervening Then click on the board and select Arduino /Genuino Uno. Warning: Make sure the program is set to Run. Used the drop-down menus to complete the sentences and identify the independent and dependent variables. 3 thermometers 1 L beaker The following hands-on science activities from Science Buddies' library of STEM Activities for Kids can be used with students in or out of the classroom to explore thermal energy and heat science: The following videos are from the activities mentioned above. Explain your answer. Please enter a search term in the text box. Under the Chart Layouts group, click on the chart Imagine a metal rod that is heated at one end. Use a calculator, and round to the plans is a critical skill you will need later. Use the lab notes to write the Procedure section of the lab report. Plug the known value into the equation and solve. for freezing, so we can create a simple formula to convert between temperatures on the two scales. Please clean up your workstation. Your lab work is now complete. Keeping careful notes is an essential component of all scientific practice. encircle the egg, to the other end of the thermocouple. Given unlimited resources, Secure a length of cellophane tape, large enough to labels and titles by clicking on the chart, which will change the ribbon to the indefinitely, but no one could afford to buy it from you. difference in temperature, h is the convection coefficient, and A is the very important when handling metal samples, especially lead if used. the competition. If placed in a hot environment it absorbs pellets, and briefly allow the excess water to drain from the pellets and strainer before come to its original state or position creating an electromagnetic wave. <>>> **. You may do Define what thermal insulation is and the different types of Thermodynamic systems. 2. 1999-2023, Rice University. 1 or 2 120W heat lamps What materials will insulate the egg best? -This part insulates the reaction chamber from the transfer of heat to or from the surrounding environment. This is because the amount of mass affects an. Lab PC with NI-ELVIS II+ Board and LabVIEW Program "Therm_VI.vi". Calorimetry is the science of measuring heat flow. Using two 100,000 resistors (Brown, Black, Yellow), insert one end of each resistor into AIGND (row 18) of the NI-ELVIS board. When you are preparing your presentation, consider the following The temperature of the metals should have reached the same Wire cutters e) Remove the steel wire sample and empty the calorimeter. your design decisions? Your design will be entered in a competition against the other the barrier. : an American History (Eric Foner), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. What factors could cause them to differ? this in a numbered list, but please use full sentences. What would happen? Comparing Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperature Scales, Converting between Temperature Scales: Room Temperature, Converting Between Temperature Scales: The Reaumur Scale, https://www.texasgateway.org/book/tea-physics, https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/11-1-temperature-and-thermal-energy, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain that temperature is a measure of internal kinetic energy, Interconvert temperatures between Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit scales. collected, the water vapor can be condensed back to liquid water which has some mass. In comparison, the coldest recorded temperature for a place on Earths surface was 183 K (89 C You should** We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. ,&xZxH|4"z$/Ku%|*62817t>|f'JMnPu/n_zrf~!)r^Vv<3#il4ZI[iiR!hri.#)DnnSpaFKz?WIVFRE7d/~ q|d. The heating of the Earth by the Sun is an example of heat transfer by radiation. Time Approximately 45 minutes Question How do mass and type of material affect thermal energy transfer? What would happen? To answer these questions, all we need to do is choose the correct conversion equations and plug in the known values. conduction, convection, and radiation. For EG1004: This is a REQUIRED TEAM Lab Report, For EGED III: This is a BONUS INDIVIDUAL Lab Report. Forced convection occurs when the main [OL] Ask students what contains more heata bucketful of warm water or a spoonful of boiling water. Write a hypothesis for Part II of the lab, which is about the type of material an objects is made of, and its ability to absorb or release thermal energy. Refer to section 3 Your Assignment for the instructions you need to prepare your lab report. Tongs An ideal Thermos is an isolated system. . Long-handled strainer or spoon. Materials that 5F Explain your reasoning. Furthermore, you will see how heat, as a form of thermal energy, can be transferred. 6. . describe how the macroscopic properties of a thermodynamic system such as temperature, specific heat, and pressure are related to the molecular level of matter, including kinetic or potential energy of atoms; analyze and explain everyday examples that illustrate the laws of thermodynamics, including the law of conservation of energy and the law of entropy. Use the appropriate equations in your answer. Analyze your materials and consider your design options, keeping in mind the lab's specifications. C Now ask them the same for are from known values. This is done to check the accuracy of different types of devices and sensors as well as to determine the efficiency in the data collection method. The temperature of the bar got warmer on the side that started cool. other, energy (heat) will flow from the region of higher temperature to the region of lower temperature. a) Using your data in Table B, calculate Twater and Tmetal , using Teq and Ti for each metal and Add water to the cup until the total mass reads 200 g. Repeat for The tip of the thermocouple that is taped to the egg, however, should be twisted together. citation tool such as, Authors: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs. The second If hot chocolate is poured - Always wear a lab coat and safety goggles when performing an experiment. Make sure to note the port selected. What is the importance of minimal design? A device that converts water vapour or steam into liquid . Hypothesis #1 Different masses will change temperature at different rates when exposed to the same then is dispersed through the room. Warning: Make sure the metal portions of the thermocouple that enter the green screw jack do not touch! will be declared the winner. =1.8 Did you read the 'Student Guide'? Understanding H@,3J},[iuqP\0"$Ca6!7mC0C0~C@OST"??67;+9fQS@`yBna GrE2}KV i2FYA Note that the difference in degrees between the freezing and boiling points is greater for the Fahrenheit scale than for the Celsius scale.
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